Last UpdatedMarch 5, 2024
by
For a nominal fee of $99. <Prev in Thread]: Current Thread [Next in Thread>Europa-List: Re: Rotax Engine Alternatives - Aeromomentum, jonathanmilbank <=. ‬Weight†‬naturally rises to 260†‬poundsâ€, ‬but either 100LL or mogas can still be runâ€. > > Aeromomentum claim they have a 100hp engine that is only 5 pounds The AM15 engine is a 1. motor de pistões 100–300 cv 916 iSc A. The Jabiru plenum chambers didn't fit correctly and had to be modified a lot. Although I love the concept of experimental/amateur built category advantages, the reliability of the Rotax 912 ULS cannot be discounted. ‬Naturally this gives a fat low-end torque curveâ€, ‬also augmented†‬by the gearbox and Honda’s gasoline direct injectionâ€. 0 liter 3 cylider automotive engine of 75 hp converted to aircraft use. May 7, 2024 · ² All Aluminum include Core & Tank. 25" L - AeroVee 75 HP Jun 7, 2008 · Apr 30, 2019. Jul 28, 2021 · Aeromomentum Aircraft Engines. Aeromomentum Gearbox. I am trying to decide on which plane I want to build but I think I'm set on using this engine and looking for feedback to those that have experience with it. This gearbox is designed to use for 4 cylinder to 225hp, 6 cylinder up to 300hp and 8 cylinder to 350hp. Price includes all the accessories, so they are ready to run. ) and will outrun a bunch of the non turbo'd Cirri and Bonanza's, et. This increase is not particularly unusual. Aug 19, 2016 · Most pilots seem to love engines. hart@onecoolkat. Even buying a "gently used" Rotax 912 series to reduce costs is a safer path to travel. Oliver Dec 26, 2019 · Viking’s top offering is the 170-hp version of the Honda Civic engineâ€. The performance improvements over the Sling 4 is amazing. Visit AeroMomentum at Sun N’ Fun Booth N52 There are never enough good engine options available for our small aircraft. Free shipping. Hi All I'm starting to look at engine options for my XS Trigear. Click below to download AM13/AM15 Manual: AM13-AM15 Installation Manual. 5 liter 4 cylinder der automotive engine of 117 hp converted to aircraft use. So if you go with one of the alternate engines, you could come out cheaper buying a used RV-4, and you'd have a lot more airplane (and 1. By procharger November 17, 2023 in Engine/Rotax. The engine produces 117HP at 6100 RPM ( 3 blade 72 inch prop) cruises around 5100 rpm depending on prop. All of our engines are assemble by us from all new parts. Either the Rotax 912 ULS or iS should be your choice (if you can afford the extra cost, a Rotax is a no-brainer). 3-liter AM13 puts out a very respectable 100 hp, comparable in power and weight to the Rotax 912 and Continental O-200. Claimed TBO is 1500 hours. There was no customer support as the gentleman that I it bought from went out of business and the factory was 12,000 miles away and about ten time zones. Jan 23, 2022 · Looking for any feedback to those that have built an RV-12 with an Aeromomentum AM13 or AM15. Aug 8, 2023 · Welcome aboard HomebuiltAirplanes. No experience with either of those but do have experience with Jan Eggenfellner (creator of Viking) and his older Subaru kits. Aluminum Radiator For Ultralight Rotax 912i, 912, 914 UL 4-STROKE ENGINE. Reply. The aircraft was left in a hangar in Wichita. May 26, 2016 · Aeromomentum AM-10 By Allen Sutphin, 14 Feb 2020. I still awaiting a gearbox faliure due to Viking 100% reliance on a c hopped up Mercedes rubber coupling. Jul 29, 2019 · Good Evening RV-12ers: While watching videos of Oshkosh saw an aeromeomentum video and RV-12 FWF kit. Proven engine and proven engine install package available from Zenith. Thanks. The upright versions are mostly used in trikes, light tw Aeromomentum Custom instrument panels are now available directly from Zenith Aircraft Company exclusively for Zenith builders and owners. Non-Factory Sources Custom engine shops offer services unavailable elsewhere. Just a thought. Visit for the latest DVD titles. ·. Height: 7 feet, 3 inches. #1. You can find our engines on these aircraft: Aventura Seaplanes. Flying On Your Own Wings: A Complete Guide to Understanding Light Airplane Design, by Chris Heintz. The RV-10 is closer to a Cirrus in almost every way (size, cruise, handling, etc. al than the Sling. By using an infusion process rather than hand layup fiberglass, Aero Adventure reports saving substantial weight while maintaining strength. Propeller: DYNA VIBE to balance your propeller RV-12 Firewall Forward Assistance Package. Hey All, First and foremost, still in my early stage of the 750 Cruzer built so have lots of time for engine choice; AM15 however Thankfully not all EAA'ers are apparently incompetent :-) I have a solid engineering background as do many others who do enjoy the systems engineering challenges. com, your destination for connecting with a thriving community of more than 10,000 active members, all passionate about home-built aviation. Rotax is out of the two-stroke business, even if there are perhaps 100 new old-stock 582 ULs on the shelf. Combine that with the 915’s better cruise fuel efficiency, and I’m looking at double the hang time and range. Speaking with Aeromomentum proprietor Mark Kettering, we learn more about this Japanese auto engine and how you can use it on your kit-built Apr 14, 2022 · Half the price of a Cirrus and better specs according to JMB who make the VL3 915 which I'm flying today. Color choice to match your airplane is offered. Turbocharged, intercooled, and fuel injected, the 915 iS delivers 135 hp all the way to 15,000 feet. , contact AeroMomentum at AeroMomentum. (4. You can use this gearbox on Suzuki, Honda, Chevy, Ford, Subura, VW, etc. AeroMomentum is working on reducing the weight by 10 lbs, it will then however still be 40 lbs heavier than a Rotax 912. Sep 30, 2021 · Ultra fast kits are designed to be built in 600-1,000 hours. The VW derived engine is cheap - <$10k. The other factor important to using something other than a Revmaster is its center of gravity. Aeromomentum, Automotive Aircraft Engine Conversion Images. Sonex, LLC is committed to providing the recreational aviation community innovative, cost-effective and efficient aircraft kits, powerplants, and accessories and supporting them with industry-leading customer service. The other options (UL, Jabiru, Rotax, etc) all start in the $20k range. Well, at least until it is modified by Edge Performance and becomes an Edge engine, but that’s an entirely separate company. Ready to run. With a rated horsepower of 141hp, turbo charged and fuel injected and all controlled by a FADEC system. com> > > Graeme, > In regards to engines, I think it all boils down to how many headaches you > want to give yourself before you actually fly your Europa. 00. 2g/hr for the 320 and 35 gallons on). Get it Jun 6 - 12. Before the 915iS was ready for market, the Austrian manufacturer said to expect 135 horsepower. Dec 18, 2014 · AeroMomentum Aircraft Engines. Most similar size legacy aircraft engine have specific fuel consumptions 20% to 40% higher than our class leading 0. oSnersdtop30m c u4e ta1 7 e 5f7g, 1 1 9f e tu mD t7 1 00i r 2 6965 92 c 0b 1h01i ·. This engine is comparable in power and/or weight to the Rotax 582. The AM10 engine is a 1. 10 Apr 9, 2019 · The start of an Aeromomentum AM15 aircraft engine build; crankshaft main bearing clearance check and final installation. Aeromomentum, Viking etc. AeroMomentum has been building engines for more than a decade. Pre-cut panel, Dynon and Garmin avionics, and more. Wingspan: 29 feet, 2 inches. 5 liter AM15 and puts out a class leading 117 hp. This has to be the cheapest 175 hp in aviation history. The smaller 1. Ralph. What they told me at OSH about the AM13 is: * Base price $8,495 upright, $10,495 low profile. It features custom 8620 alloy gears (not quick-change auto racing gears) and like many of AeroMomentum’s other parts, it is designed in-house but forged, machined, heat-treated and otherwise produced by out-of-house vendors. Motor iS dinâmico, turboalimentado com a melhor relação potência/peso, potência total de descolagem, e uma altitude máxima de funcionamento de até 23. We can customize the package to delete any of the items you don't need or want to custom build yourself. The Sonex line is not designed for negative G from a fuel system perspective although the airframe is rated for it, you do not have a flop tube in the tank and the vent system will drop fuel in negative G, The Aeromomentum does not have a Scavenge oil pump and is not equipped to flow engine oil from the top of the engine or to prevent oil from Aeromomentum Aircraft Engines, Stuart, Florida. . * Radiator $245 extra. Test flying this fast and sporty aircraft, looking Re: Aeromomentum AM15T TURBO 160HP FOR KITFOX S7 for $17k. geo metro engine vs rotax 582 or 583 Showing 1-13 of 13 messages. You should become familiar with this line of Suzuki based aircraft engines known as Aeromomentum. I would greatly appreciate any experiences with the engine, including customer service and standing behind their product. I chatted with the Aeromomentum folks at last years Osh, and will watch to s ee how his gearbox solution holds up over the longer term. Core and Tank: ALL ALUMINUM. They say they have been run for many hours on airboats with good reliability, but that’s a boat. Welcome to the AeroMomentum Engine Forum! We invite our members with AeroMomentum engines, and those with interest in AeroMomentum engines, to post their questions, problems, and successes here! For "official" support, information, etc. 5g/hr for the 915 and 44 gallons on board, vs 7. The RV-10 is just overall a bigger airplane in every way, uses a Lycoming engine (the Sling uses a Rotax), etc. In Stock. The AM15 engine is a 1. 5x the fuel burn). Dec 26, 2022 · We can light a candle to the likely demise of the two-stroke engine. Yes, the AeroMomentum AM15 on that aircraft was removed and replaced with a factory-new Rotax 912iS. #25. Aeromomentum Aircraft Engines is proud to announce the appointment of AeroSales LLC as the exclusive US Dealer for the LSA/EAB RV-12 market. Before considering a Viking kit, make sure you research Jan's Second is fuel consumption. A Raven with the fabric wing with install Mar 30, 2017 · AeroMomentum can help with engine mounts and firewall forward packages. Well, no surprise as (except for gliders) it is a powerplant that allows us to go aloft and see the world from our unique perspective. 000 pés. Shout out to Aviation Composites for designing and welding the Onex (pronounced “One-X”) is a single-seat aircraft designed to offer an even-more economical way to build and fly your sport pilot aircraft! The folding-wing design can fit into a garage, or share a T hangar with your flying buddies, be trailered on local roads, and the wing panels are easily removed for trailering at highway speeds. PROPELLER SPACER FOR ROTAX 4″ (912, 914) 30mm, 50mm, 75mm, 100mm, 125mm, (6 Lugs required) *Made to order. It's wider, taller, and just more substantial overall. 50–100 kg para avião leve para ultraleve motorizado. more than the Rotax 912, The Jabiru was $18. The engineering seems very sound but as a first time builder I am reluctant to stray far from the "mothership" Even if your aeromomentum is not on Le 19/07/2017 12:37, graemeh a crit : > I realise that installing an alternative engine will be more work and take > more time. Looking to hear from folks who have real world, practical experience with either an Aeromomentum or Viking engine in a home built. Ships from and sold by Jul 27, 2019 · The display for Aeromomentum Engines at Airventure 2019 provided a unique opportunity to interview the owner and get the lowdown on all of his engine product Of course monitoring oil temperature is the best route because if it is getting too hot, there may be a leak or secondary issue going on. Jun 12, 2018 · All of which ties back to the Onex. Aeromomentum provide engines, engineering and manufacturing to the recreational aircraft and boating markets worldwide. Aventura Seaplanes Mar 17, 2013 · with this info. I am always open to considering alternative Jan 23, 2024 · The V-175 is a considerably larger 2. Includes: Our Mission. 1 person likes this. Dec 10, 2018 · Look at the early rotax 912UL, it took them years and millions of hours to iron it out to the reliability it has. The Geo Metro <Prev in Thread]: Current Thread [Next in Thread>Europa-List: Re: Rotax Engine Alternatives - Aeromomentum, jonathanmilbank. Jabiru have had some hiccups not long ago but hopefully reliability issues ironed out . * Mount $800-$1000 (Sonex would be on the low end of that) geo metro engine vs rotax 582 or 583 - Google Groups Colorado Engine is a subject matter expert with over 30 years of acquired know-how providing our customers with superior service and cutting-edge technology for engines, transmissions and auto repair. Veloce 400 Specifications: Length: 24 feet, 6 inches. Our smaller engine is the 1. 99/year or $12. > > > > The conversion is based on a new Suzuki engine and has fuel injection so > no carb balancing required. Complete engine mounts, aux. com/mojogrip Ad Apr 29, 2024 · Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for FOR Aircraft Drone Rotax 912, 914 Viking, Suzuki, Aeromomentum Aluminum Radiator at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! With a climb rate of over 1500 feet per minute and cruise speeds nearing 150 knots, this sure is a thriller that makes you feel like a little kid. The best selling Rotax continues to be the 100-hp carbureted 912 ULS, by about 2 to 1. I use about 1. The fuel injectors are all "plastic" on the UL, the Viking, the Aeromomentum and the Rotax. I simply replaced one of the plugs with a 1/4-17 MNPT - 1/8-27 FNPT fitting and a simple single wire VDO 323057 temperature sensor screwed into that (this is the same sensor used on Rotax 912/914 engines). Paul Mather of M-Square reported, “Rotax’s latest 912iS now offers 105 horsepower. AEROMOMENTUM AM15 AIRCRAFT ENGINE. The upright versions are mostly used in trikes, light twins and Mar 12, 2018 · Rotax 912 seems to have a great reputation for reliability and have quite a few years up their sleeves for fine tuning the design. 312 kg/kwh (. Their history begins 10 years ago powering jet boats and air boats: running full power with propellers and gearboxes. Post what you learn and decide on, and why. Two models are offered: 1300cc 100HP and 1500cc 117HP. That Rotax 915is engine is unbelievable. 18"W x 22"H x 23" L - Aeromomentum AM10 - 75 HP 30"W x 20 - 21. THE CORE SIZE: 325mm x 140mm x 32mm. Rotec Radials are more or less time bombs you install on the front of your aircraft, and that's not exactly new engineering, but they don't have the May 30, 2017 · The AM1500 runs $12,599. 41 lb/hp) The 916 fuel efficiency is in line with a typical modern engine. AM13-AM15 Internal Build Manual. Even the Rotax 912 that was the former efficiency leader with 0. 515 lb/hp) 916is: . 0-liter Honda Civic/HRV four-cylinder and is Viking’s second most powerful engine. Finally got my cowling for the AM15 engine. As far as plastic wire loom, etc. > > [] > Thanks again for all who have contributed and I'd appreciate The Jabiru plenum chambers didn't fit correctly and had to be modified a lot. Mar 30, 2019 · Aeromomentum Aircraft Engines I am very sure the reliability of modern ignition systems (20,000 hr MTBF) exceeds that of even duel magnetos (650 hr MTBF). Rotax 912 ULS looks a great option (factory supported and well understood) apart from the cost. Custom length is available. . gl/1VMCk5 Become A MojoGrip Patron https://www. 00 $ 182. The last several years have found their homes on Feb 19, 2021 · I guess the appeal of the Aeromomentum engines is the fuel injection and electronic ignition, for the price and weight. Developed specifically for Zenith builders (by a builder) these videos on DVD are a great help in building your own kit plane by providing practical hands-on construction information. ”. Bartman1959 12 Advanced Member Jul 26, 2020 · Put a Rotax 912 or 912S series engine on the HDS. Viking rates it at 175 hp at 5800 rpm and sells it also with gearbox, exhaust manifold, computer, wiring harness and starter for $17,500. They are mostly used in trikes, light twins and replica aircraft that require a narrow engine package. That conversation essentially confirmed the AM13 to come in at 190-195 pounds w/ radiator and cooling fluid. The upright versions are mostly used in trikes, light tw AM offers all of this and more but at a cost well below the competition. 47 lbs/hp/hr burns 20% more fuel for the same power. Motor de pistão a quatro tempos com quatro Sean, Pat - I just talked to Mark Kettering at Aeromomentum. 28 posts in this topic. Dec 26, 2022 · Last year AeroMomentum offered 14 engines; this year there are 17 with all three of the new engines sporting turbos. Sabaru vs Rotax 912 UL Started by Bartman1959, 16 Aug 2018. Aeromomentum claim they have a 100hp engine that is only 5 pounds heavier than a Rotax 912 ULS and lighter than a 914. The weight of the Aeromomentum is less including fluids. com for the latest DVD titles. S-17 gets its name from the use of a AeroMomentum Suzuki-based engine outputting 117 horsepower. Share More sharing options Followers 0. , the Rotax 915 is the king of rubber and plastic parts under the cowl. 3-4 weeks delivery time. Followers 0. 7K Rotax 912 was $24K. BRP-Rotax has long been quite conservative with their initial numbers. $19,995. com/?utm_source=mj1 Subscribe for MORE: https://goo. On Jul 15, 2017 06:46, "Richard Lamprey" <lamprey. Instead, very light aircraft are wearing liquid-cooled four-stroke replacements from AeroMomentum, MWfly, Viking and others. Feb 3, 2019 · Sponsored by: https://www. com> wrote: > lamprey. This engine is comparable in power and/or weight to the Rotax 912 and Continental O-200. N750A. Zenith Homecoming Tee: Zenair Floats. 5 replies; 1,763 views; Rotax 912 ULS Tuned Intake By lv2plyguitar, 1 May 2018. The AM13 engine is a 1. I go to Sun N Fun most years and plan on visiting them and other vendors for ideas. Sep 23, 2018 · Our friend's Rotax installation will be around 50 lbs lighter than our AeroMomentum AM15, which is currently the lightest auto conversion in this power range. > > Rotax 912 ULS looks a great option (factory supported and well understood) > apart---From the cost. Look at Jabiru, not enough engines, not enough hours, and very low reliability. parts, cowls everything ready to bolt on from Zenith. * Base weight 170 lb. RV-12 firewall forward assistance package. 0 Turbo, 260hp, 315lbs dry. Aug 28, 2019 · This item: ALUMINUM RADIATOR For Aircraft Drone Rotax 912, 914, Viking, Suzuki, Aeromomentum . So I guess time will tell how the they do in aircraft. Apr 12, 2017 · Rotax and other engines ; Aeromomentum engines - Anybody heard of these? Sign in to follow this . The pricing for the Veloce 400 is $39,700 for the fast kit and $59,700 for the ultra fast. This engine is comparable in power and weight to the Rotax 912 and Continental O-200. Apr 24, 2021 · This is a quick video highlighting my install of the Aeromomentum AM15h on a Sonex-B tri-gear. Dec 25, 2020 · Even 50lbs would be a game changer, that’s 2hrs more range of fuel to feed a 915. Aeromomentum Aircraft Engines. BSFC at 5500rpm and around 94kw/126hp: 915is: . “Yes, it’s more work work to use this method Jan 23, 2024 · A Rotax is a Rotax. I am considering an aeromomentum engine for my Vans RV-12. In Part # 2 of my interview with Mark Schaible, we discuss the Sonex design philosophy concerning current and future engines. It has a conservative 1500 hour TBO, with a replacement cost of $2800. 5 liter 4 cylider automotive engine of 117 hp converted to aircraft use. the Aeromomentum it looks pretty close. * Exhaust $260 extra. View Discussions. Unique to gasoline aircraft engines, Rotax motors have a dual-mode clutch. $182. com. Maintenance Card. It appears at typical cruise settings, the 916 is surprisingly 22-25% more fuel efficient. May 3, 2020 · Developed specifically for Zenith builders (by a builder) these videos on DVD are a great help in building your own kit plane by providing practical hands-on construction information. patreon. Claimed TBO is 1500 > hours. The 915 is not - it's so high I'm wondering Im watching this thread with great interest :-) Cheers, Pete A239 > On Jul 14, 2017, at 12:06 AM, Graeme Hart <graeme. I'm still learning! the weight at the moment is my concern as with my model IV project is going on amphib floats. Europa-List: Re: Rotax Engine Alternatives - Aeromomentum, Richard Lamprey Re: Kitfox engine options/Aeromomentum AM15. 875 "H (optional air cleaner) x 24. One newcomer is AeroMomentum, offering two engines based on the proven Suzuki G series. Nov 27, 2018 · Beginning in 2019, they will be offering a completely new 260HP engine for less than $20,000. - custom fab work? - lack of Vans support - effect on CG - DAR inspection issues - insurance Comparing the dimensions of an Aerovee vs. 39 lbs/hp/hr. AM20T - 2. John. This is because it is only $185 more over the Raven with the 141 wing. Nov 17, 2023 · Engine/Rotax ; Aeromomentum 100 hp Aeromomentum 100 hp. Maximum Gross Weight: 2,633 pounds. Prev; 1; 2; Next; Page 1 of 2 . $1895. 5 gallons more per hour than the 912 going the same speed. > > > > I understand the Europa is quite sensitive to engine weight but as there > are quite a few 914 powered machines and this is lighter than a 914 then it > should be OK. wingswap. I concur with the honest and non-hype-filled presentation from these folks. Gear drive apparently adds quite a bit to the cost of the Rotax 912 and I suppose means more parts to wear out. richard@gmail. Built in both upright or low profile slant versions. 250 kg/kwh (. Two of these, the AM13 and AM15, are derivatives of the familiar, compact engines that got AeroMomentum started. The AM20T is 4 cylinder liquid cooled, fuel injected, turbo-charged with tune exhaust, ECU (no mixture control), prop gear reduction, and can burn mogas. Sep 22, 2019 · Aeromomentum, Viking etc. com> wrote: > > Hi All > > I'm starting to look at engine options for my XS Trigear. ‬. The old reasons for duel systems are no longer valid once the electro-mechanical parts were eliminated. The AM engines are on par with the newest $25,000 FEDEC Rotax 912iS. > > I have had four years of headaches, Just now, I almost have a good flying > plane. Sep 23, 2020 · I don't think you would be in the market for any automotive injected engine with the rationale above. 3,635 likes · 3 talking about this. In this video we look into the Suzuki engine conversion to an aircraft engine. During the ferry flight we saw a Lane B light, first intermittent, then later continuous. Rotaxes are sold via several distributors in North America; see the Rotax heading below. ALUMINUM RADIATOR for Aircraft Drone Rotax 912, 914, Viking, Suzuki Aeromomentum. As we suspected the Outbound flies great on the Rotax 912ULS, placing it into a very cost effective position. Visit HomebuiltHelp. Apr 23, 2023 · BRP-Rotax has bumped up the juice on the 912iS. A complete airframe kit and engine install for the Rotax for the S-21 is $34,495 and the S-20 with the 141 wing is $34,300. 00. I concurr with all commentsi looked at the subaru options but changed my mind after some very strong recommendations from the forum. But the third, the AM20T, muscles out 260 hp and is getting AeroMomentum noticed by the mainstream E/A-B crowd. The engine was cheaper, but weigh 54 lbs. Our larger engine is 1. The number 500 refers to the overload torque limit—500 newton meters. Nov 26, 2009 · If I was starting over and price was the same I would use a 912, but here we are closer to Oz and I can get nearly 2 Jabiru for the cost of a 912, so when my 2200 expires I will get a new one. You can burn 91-93 octane auto gas (ethanol is NOT an issue with Rotax), it's lighter, quieter, smooth-running, and damn-near bullet-proof. Built in upright version. The weird stayed as 285 on your website. The ramped structures in the hub form a slipper clutch for torque isolation; the overload clutch is inside the hub. 3 liter AM13 and puts out a very respectable 100 hp. From the info I have received with all accessories on the engine the total weight of the Aeromomentum will be approx 230lbs. I have not seen a VW do very well in the 701 the other engines that do well are 2 strokes - for a short time. $84. $119. Jun 23, 2020 · Jun 28, 2020. Aeromomentum engines - Anybody heard of these? Dec 20, 2018 · Rotax reports several have passed 2000 hours on test stands, and more than a few airframe manufacturers are showing them on their demo models. My challenge is to assess the extra build time vs how long it would take me to save for the Rotax and also add in a risk factor to allow for the extra risk in going for an alternative engine. It is then assembled in-house at Jun 16, 2021 · Welcome aboard HomebuiltAirplanes. Which engine is right for you?? Second is fuel consumption. 3 liter 4 cylider automotive engine of 100 hp converted to aircraft use. Before considering a Viking kit, make sure you research Jan's Dec 15, 2021 · All AeroMomentum conversions use a helical, spur-gear prop reduction gearbox. Low profile and upright versions are offered for both models. > > > > I'd appreciate hearing Nov 7, 2023 · The lower, blurrier lines are for the 916. 99/month, you can immerse yourself in this dynamic community and unparalleled treasure-trove of aviation knowledge. Europa-List: Re: Rotax Engine Alternatives - Aeromomentum, Richard Lamprey The engine was cheaper, but weigh 54 lbs. jy sj zf kq yw xl ls ds vn vp